1. Initial Contact (Self-Domestication)

• Early wolves began hanging around human camps.

• They were attracted to food scraps.

• Less aggressive, calmer wolves survived better near humans.

Key change: Reduced fear of humans

2. Tolerance & Mutual Benefit

• Humans tolerated these calmer wolves.

• Wolves helped by:

  • Warning of danger

  • Scaring predators

• Humans provided:

  • Food

  • Shelter

Key change: Two-way benefit (symbiosis)

3. Early Domestication

• Humans started keeping the friendliest wolves closer.

• These animals began breeding near humans.

• Physical changes slowly appeared:

  • Smaller teeth

  • Shorter snouts

  • Floppier ears

Key change: Behavioural and physical traits start changing

4. Selective Breeding

• Humans intentionally bred dogs for specific traits:

  • Hunting

  • Guarding

  • Herding

  • Companionship

• Different types of dogs emerged.

Key change: Purpose-based traits

5. Breed Formation

• Distinct dog breeds developed.

• Breed standards were created.

• Dogs became more specialised in size, shape, and behaviour.

Key change: Clear breed identities

6. Modern Domestication

• Dogs are fully integrated into human society.

• Roles include:

  • Pets

  • Working dogs

  • Therapy and service animals

• Heavy focus on temperament and companionship.

Key change: Emotional bonding with humans

In short:

Wild wolves → camp followers → early dogs → working dogs → modern breeds